Ancient Egypt
One of the most ancient religions on Earth, the various interlocking cults of ancient Egypt held sway in that land for considerably more than 3500 years, until the general acceptance of Christianity in the 4th century CE.

Currently present here: Abydos (Osiris), Amarna (Aten), Asyut (Anubis), Avaris (Set), Crocodilopolis (Sobek), Elephantine (Khnum), Heliopolis (Ra), Hermonthis (Montu), Hermopolis Magna (Thoth), Karnak (Mut), Leontopolis (Sekhmet), Memphis (Ptah), Philae (Isis), Thebes (Amun), God's Wife (Amun), Thebes (Khonsu), Thinis (Anhur).

ABYDOS - The High Priests of Osiris Abydos (Abdju) is a site in central Egypt, about 70 miles (110 km.) northwest of ancient Thebes. It was the locus of the Great Temple of Ausar (Osiris) and the center of the Osiris cult for much of Egypt's ancient history. From the first dynasty through the twenty-sixth, about ten temples to Osiris were built one on top of the other at Abydos. It is thought that at times, the Pharaoh served as High Priest of Osiris. These names are not to be confused with the High Priests of Osiris at Mendes, who actually served Ba-Nebdjedet, the ram-headed deity who was believed to be the Ba (part of the soul) of Osiris and was worshipped separately.

AMARNA (Akhetaten) - The High Priests of Aten Amarna is a site in central Egypt, on the east bank of the Nile, about 168 miles (270 km.) south of modern Cairo. It was built, and became the capital of the nation, in the mid-14th century BCE when the "Heretic King" Amenhotep IV (Akhetaten) exalted the Cult of Aten above all others, and promulgated a monolotric (and possibly monotheistic) religion. Aten was the divinity of the Solar Disc,  represented - unusual in Egyptian iconography - not by a humanoid animal-headed figure, but by an abstract disc bearing radiants ending in human hands.

ASYUT (Lykopolis) - High Priests of Anubis Asyut is a site in central Egypt, about 35 miles (56 km.) southeast of Amarna, on the west bank of the Nile - a modern city of the same name is there today. The district was the cult center of Anubis, an early god of the afterlife; largely supplanted by Osiris in the Middle Kingdom, but surviving into later eras as the patron deity of embalmers and mummification, and as the Guardian of souls. The image of Anubis being a black, narrow-muzzled dog or jackal, the ancient Greek exclamation "kai me ton kuna" ("By the Dog of Egypt!") is a reference to this god.

AVARIS and SEPERMERU - High Priest of Set Avaris is a site on the eastern edge of the Delta, approximately 20 miles (32 km.) west of the modern Suez Canal, and something like 12 miles of so (20 km.) southeast of ancient Tanis. It was the chief cult center for Set (also called Seth, Sutekh or Seteh), who was orginally an Egyptian god of the desert and a weather god. In pre- and early dynastic times Set may have been the chief god of Lower Egypt, regarded as a beneficent protector against Apepi (Apophis), the demon of chaos. With the rise of the cult of Horus, Set became marginalized and eventually demonized, identified with his former foe Apepi, and charged with the murder of Osiris. He did, however, enjoy periods of renewed popularity, and was the patron god of the Hyksos kings as well as of the pharaohs of the Nineteenth Dynasty - nevertheless, for much of Egyptian dynastic history, he was figure of fear. His animal imagery is unusual - he was represented by the icon of a stiff-eared, long-snouted composite creature that reminds one of a cross between a wolf and an aardvark.

CROCODILOPOLIS - High Priests of Sobek Crocodilopolis is a site near the entrance to the Fayyum Depression and Lake Moeris - the modern city of Fayyum is immediately at hand, some 57 miles (91 km.) southwest of Cairo. The place was the chief cult center in Lower Egypt for Sobek - the Upper Egypt temple was at Kom Ombo, some 25 miles (40 km.) north of Thebes. Sobek was the crocodile-headed creator and fertility god. In the course of consolidating the different cults of Egypt into a single pantheon, Sobek was often associated with or regarded as an avatar of Ra.

ELEPHANTINE -The High Priests of Khnum Khnum was the Egyptian god of the source of the Nile, and thus an important fertility deity. His cult was primarily centered in southern Egypt, around the cities of Elephantine and Esna, where he was most frequently worshipped alongside the goddesses Anuket and Satis. His priests were extremely powerful in the Old Kingdom but their influence waned over time. The site of Elephantine is on the east bank of the Nile, at the First Cataract, adjacent to the Aswan Dam and immediately north of Lake Nasser. Esna (modern Isna) lies 90 miles (144 km.) north-northwest, on the west bank.

HELIOPOLIS - The High Priests of Ra The High Priests of the solar god Ra had their cultic center at Heliopolis (Annu in Ancient Egyptian; On in Biblical Hebrew), the site of which is immediately north of modern Cairo. They were known by the title "Ur-maa," or "Great Seer"; this may imply that their role included astronomy and astrology.

HERMONTHIS (Armant) - HIGH PRIESTS OF MONTU Hermonthis, located by the modern city of Armant, across the Nile from Luxor, in the immediate vicinity of ancient Thebes, was the cult center for Montu, an ancient Theban war god sometimes associated with Amun and/or Ra. Warrior kings such as Ramesses II ware particular devotees of his, and a number of Pharaohs bore the regnal name "Montuhotep" or "Mentuhotep."

HERMOPOLIS MAGNA (The High Priests of Thoth) Ibis-headed Thoth was the Egyptian god of wisdom, writing and scribes, whose cult was centered on the town of Hermopolis. The High Priest of Thoth, called "Wr Djw" or "Great One of the Five," also was the head of four other temples, each dedicated to one of the god-goddess pairs making up the Ogdoad group of Egyptian deities. Hermopolis stood on the west bank of the Nile, about where the modern city of Mallawi now is, only a few miles northwest of the Amarna site on the opposite bank.

KARNAK (Thebes) - High Priests of Mut Karnak is on the east bank of the Nile, just a mile or two north of Luxor, and in the immediate vicinity of ancient Thebes, located a bit further north on the west bank. In the New Kingdom, Karnak became the central locus of the Cult of Mut, an ancient mother-goddess worshipped at Thebes, and remained so into Ptolemaic times. Mut was often conflated and identified with Hathor, Amaunet, and Isis.

LEONTOPOLIS, and ITJTAWY - High Priests of Sekhmet Leontopolis is a site in the central Delta, about 40 miles (64 km.) north of Cairo. Itjtawy is a site, precise location unknown, within the Fayyum Depression. Sekhmet was a lion-headed war goddess of Upper Egypt, possibly of Nubian origin. She was the negative Aspect of the Cat-Goddess Bast, representing the harsh fiery heat of Ra's punishing Gaze against evil-doers.

MEMPHIS - The High Priests of Ptah The High Priests of Ptah were located at ancient Memphis, the site of which is just a little south of modern Cairo, on the opposite (west) bank of the Nile. Ptah was the patron-god of craftsmen and artisans, through the control of whom this priesthood was the most powerful in Ancient Egypt. They bore the title wr khrp hmw, 'Great Leader of Craftsmen', and had custody over the sacred Apis bull. During much of Egyptian history the coronation of the new Pharaoh was under their auspices. Though they did not govern Memphis as an independent polity, they were extremely influential in Egyptian affairs.

PHILAE - High Priests of Isis Philae is located immediately adjacent to Elephantine, next to the First Cataract (Modern Aswan), the traditional frontier of ancient Egypt. It was the major cult center for Isis, although there were many others. Isis ('Aset in ancient Egyptian) was a major divinity, the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus. Supremely gifted in magical arts, She revived Osiris after his murder and dismemberment, and thus became a central focus for Egyptian thoughts regarding reincarnation and the afterlife. Her cult spread far and wide, and with the coming of the Romans could be found everywhere in the Empire, from Britain to Mesopotamia. It is known that there was a major temple to Her in Rome itself as late as 366 CE, whose High Priest was called Prætextatus. In Egypt, Her cult remained active in various locations well into the 6th century CE, when it was suppressed by Byzantine authorities. Isis' cultic centers varied from dynasty to dynasty, but her temples were ubiquitous - and the influence of the cult on contemporary thought is far-reaching - early Christian iconography of Mary holding the infant Christ often bears very close resemblance to images of Isis holding the infant Horus.

THEBES - The High Priests of Amun An important center in Upper Egypt, located about 120 miles (200 km.) north of the First Cataract and roughly 340 miles (550 km.) south-southeast of modern Cairo. The High Priests of Amun (Hm-nTr n imn or "first god's servant of Amun") were powerful clerics of one of the most revered gods in ancient Egypt. They and their female counterparts, the "Gods Wife of Amun" (a position usually held by the reigning High Priest's wife or daughter) were responsible for the administration of daily rites in the god's honor as well as virtual owners of enormous tracts of land throughout Egypt (particularly in Upper Egypt near Thebes). For much of the Third Intermediate Period (c. 1100-940 BCE) the High Priests ruled most of Upper Egypt as military theocrats. Not reckoned as a Dynasty per se, these priests nevertheless governed southern Egypt for roughly 135 years.

GOD'S WIFE OF AMUN (Hemet Netjer nt Imen) The God's Wife of Amun was one of the most important religious figures in ancient Egypt. Initially one of many priestesses of the god Amun, in the New Kingdom the office incorporated the positions of "God's Hand of Amun" and "Divine Adoratrice of Amun". It was usually held by a woman of the royal house, usually a daughter, mother or wife of the Pharaoh. The God's Wife was part of the cult of the goddess Mut and also, in the Late Period, participated in the government of the city of Thebes and its environs. Her responsibilities probably included fertility rites of a sexual nature.

THEBES - The High Priests of Khonsu In addition to Amun, detailed above, Thebes was also a cultic center to Khonsu, a lunar god with healing attributes.

THINIS - The High Priests of Anhur Thinis is a site on the western bank of the Nile, about 15 miles (25 km.) north of Abydos and some 65 miles (105 km.) northwest of Thebes. Anhur was a Nubian war god who was worshipped at both Abydos and Thinis - His center at Thinis exalted him as divine and royal huntsman, who led the Sun on it's journey and served to protect the path from enemies. In much later times, his cult became conflated with the Christian St. George.
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